This course will cover the theory of, and empirical evidence on, the relation between trade liberalization on the one hand, and income distribution, economic growth, employment and economic development on the other. We review the positive and normative theories of trade, and then consider the limits and alternatives to the general competitive, neoclassical model. We focus on such issues as increasing returns to scale, trade in intermediates, monopoly product markets, oligopsony, gender-segmented labor markets, global value chains and unequal exchange, foreign direct investment, profit reinvestment and financialization. We then analyze the relation between trade protection and economic growth and development, with an emphasis both on theory and policy considerations in contemporary trade relations (in the WTO, multilateral, and bilateral agreements) related to labor and environmental standards, investor protections, intellectual property, deindustrialization and supply chain resilience.