Discussions about the nature and virtues of women, sexual difference, and women’s proper role within the city and/or the household were prominent within the Socratic circle and later Socratics. This course will focus on this ancient debate. We will read fragments and testimonies concerning Aeschines, Antisthenes, and Xenophon; passages from Plato's dialogues and from Aristotle's Politics and biological works; and influential contemporary feminist interpretations of these texts.