This site-based course explores how New York’s island geography has determined its development, infrastructure, and cultural life. Of the city’s five boroughs, only the Bronx is on the mainland U.S.; in total, about ten major islands make up the city’s archipelago. The course will begin with a historical overview, looking at how New York’s unique geography shaped its growth and development, before turning to present day challenges. Following the substantial damage caused by Hurricane Sandy, policymakers, elected officials, community advocates, and residents alike have secured resources and galvanized support to strengthen the resilience of New York’s coastal communities, although not without controversy and conflict. Through study of policy proposals, planned and constructed projects, and current practices, we will examine New York’s efforts to respond to, prepare for, and protect against the effects of climate change, and to address emergent challenges tied to the city’s geography. The course will include several site visits, accessible by public transit. Students will engage in multiple research activities, collecting data throughout the five boroughs, and will culminate their work in the course by producing an innovative proposal that addresses a related issue of their interest.