This course discusses the salient, critical contributions to our understanding of money, the nature of banking, and the functioning of monetary and credit systems. Discussions are divided into six substantive parts: (1) A discussion of contract-theoretic, functional, and logico-historical characterizations of the nature and functioning of financial intermediaries, particularly money banks; (2) a discussion of the historically defining and enduringly relevant debates on monetary theory and policy in early-nineteenth-century Britain; (3) a detailed examination of three influential contributions to our understanding of what money is—by Marx, Menger, and Wicksell; (4) a detailed discussion of the Walrasian or Neoclassical-Synthesis approaches to money advanced by Hicks and Patinkin; (5) a comparative examination of contemporary heterodox contributions to analysis of money, including Chartalist, Nominalist, and neo- Marxian theorizations; and (6) a concluding discussion on the question of international settlements, world money, and the distinct difficulties created by the post-Bretton Woods international monetary system.