The purpose of this course is to examine and evaluate certain philosophers’ reflections on history. Philosophers have discussed the meaning and direction of the historical process; the explanation of historical events; the narrative character of historical accounts; and the connection between experience and history. Topics include the nature of historical time, historical crisis, the epistemological significance of retrospection, and the role of memory. These topics will be examined in the works of such thinkers as Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Dilthey, Löwith, Danto and Koselleck.