This course explores competing theories of the relationship between capitalism and the environment. It begins by examining the ecological, historical, and social context of capitalist development, focusing on debates over the origin of fossil fuel, the ecological impacts of economic growth, and the emergence of various currents of environmental economic thought. The second part of the course is an introduction to neoclassical environmental and natural resource economics, including topics such as property rights, efficiency, market imperfections, externalities, natural capital, environmental valuation, and cost-benefit analysis. Throughout this section, the mainstream approach will be appraised from various critical, socio-ecological economic approaches. The course concludes by surveying competing schools of thought concerning climate change mitigation and the prospects for a sustainable capitalism, including green growth, steady-state capitalism, degrowth, and Marxian perspectives.