In this course, we will examine some of the most influential movements of 19th and 20th century European philosophy by enquiring into their respective critiques of the traditional epistemological conception of the subject, and into the plurality of approaches to ‘the question of subjectivity’ that emerged from those critiques. The course will be divided into four modules. In a first, introductory module, we will examine Descartes’ conception of the subject and its link to Descartes’ epistemological and metaphysical project in the Metaphysical Meditations. We shall, in a second module, turn to the theories of the subject that dominated European philosophy between the 17th and the early 20th Century (Hume, Kant, Husserl and Frege’s), and examine their relation to Descartes’ conception of subjectivity. In the third module, we will consider the rudiments of paradigms and approaches to subjec- tivity developed in philosophy, economics, psychology, linguistics and anthropology over the course of the 19th Century (Freud, Marx, Saussure, Levi-Strauss, Nietzsche). In the fourth and final module, we will see how these accounts of subjectivity came to influence and transform philosophical approaches to subjectivity within in 20th Century European philosophy (Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, de Beauvoir, Fanon).