We analyze social and political factors affecting public health in urban environments. Currently over half of the globe’s population now lives in cities, a proportion that’s projected to increase to 70% by 2050. Inequitable and inefficient urban planning can lead to built and social environments that place stress on human immune systems, increase exposures to industrial toxins, and present sanitation challenges, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. In addition, the effects of climate change and air pollution have led to concerns about the persistence of infectious and chronic diseases and heat related deaths as they relate to health disparities. We will examine how these factors collectively affect a city's health, as well as how cities measure, track, and hold themselves accountable to respond to, or prevent, these urban challenges using a social justice and planetary health framework that seeks to balance health, social well-being, and ecological integrity. Students are evaluated based on case studies, writing assignments, and class participation. This course counts as an approved 2000 level foundation course for the major or minor in Interdisciplinary Science. This course also counts towards the elective for the major in Urban Studies and Global Studies and satisfies the Natural Sciences Subject area for Environmental Studies majors and minors, and minor in Sustainable Cities.