This course examines the diverse politics and political economy of African states from the early 20th century to the present, beginning with this paradox posed by Walter Rodney in his renowned text How Europe Underdeveloped Africa: “Underdevelopment is a paradox. Many parts of the world that are naturally rich are actually poor and parts that are not so well off in wealth of soil and sun-soil are enjoying the highest standards of living.” We will explore this paradox, focusing on the legacies of western colonialism and their impact on state formation and the politics of development on the African continent. Students will analyze how colonial borders and governance structures shaped the political landscape, the drivers behind national liberation struggles, and the economic crises that followed post-independence growth. The course will also address the role of foreign aid, debt, and external interventions in shaping Africa’s contemporary political economy.